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DEBUGFS

Section: Maintenance Commands (8)
Updated: January 1999
Index

NAME

debugfs - ext2 file system debugger

SYNOPSIS

debugfs[-f cmd_file][-Rrequest][-V][-w[device]]

DESCRIPTION

The debugfs programis a file system debugger. It can be used to examine and change thestate of an ext2 file system.
deviceis the special file corresponding to the device containing the ext2file system (e.g /dev/hdXX).

OPTIONS

-w: Specifies that the file system should be opened in read-write mode.Without this option, the file system is opened in read-only mode.
-f cmd_file: Causes debugfsto read in commands from cmd_file,and execute them. When debugfsis finished executing those commands, it will exit.
-R request: Causes debugfsto execute the single command request,and then exit.
-V: print the version number of debugfsand exit.

COMMANDS

debugfsis an interactive debugger. It understands a number of commands.

cat filespec: Dump the contents of the inode filespecto stdout.
cd filespec: Change the current working directory to filespec.
chroot filespec: Change the root directory to be the directory filespec.
close: Close the currently open file system.
clri file: Clear the contents of the inode file.
dump [-p] filspec out_file: Dump the contents of the inode filespecto the output file out_file.If the -p option is given set the owner, group and permissions information on out_file to match filespec.
expand_dir filespec: Expand the directoryfilespec.
find_free_block [goal]: Find the first free block, starting fromgoaland allocate it.
find_free_inode [dir [mode]]: Find a free inode and allocate it. If present, dirspecifies the inode number of the directory which the inode is to be located. The second optional argumentmodespecifies the permissions of the new inode. (If the directory bit is seton the mode, the allocation routine will function differently.)
freeb block: Mark the block numberblockas not allocated.
freei filespec: Free the inode specified by filespec.
help: Print a list of commands understood by debugfs(8).
icheck block ...: Print a listing of the inodes which use the one or more blocks specifiedon the command line.
initialize device blocksize: Create an ext2 file system ondevicewith device sizeblocksize.Note that this does not fully initialize all of the data structures; to do this, use the mke2fs(8)program. This is just a call to the low-level library, which sets upthe superblock and block descriptors.
kill_file filespec: Deallocate the inode filespecand its blocks. Note that this does not remove any directoryentries (if any) to this inode. See the rm(1)command if you wish to unlink a file.
ln filespec dest_file: Create a link named dest_filewhich is a link to filespec.Note this does not adjust the inode reference counts.
ls [-l] filespec: Print a listing of the files in the directoryfilespec.
modify_inode filespec: Modify the contents of the inode structure in the inodefilespec.
mkdir filespec: Make a directory.
mknod filespec [p|[[c|b] major minor]]: Create a special device file (a named pipe, character or block device).If a character or block device is to be made, the majorandminordevice numbers must be specified.
ncheck inode_num ...: Take the requested list of inode numbers, and print a listing of pathnamesto those inodes.
open [-w] device: Open a file system for editing.
pwd: Print the current working directory.
quit: Quitdebugfs
rm pathname: Unlink pathname.If this causes the inode pointed to by pathnameto have no other references, deallocate the file. This command functionsas the unlink() system call.
rmdir filespec: Remove the directoryfilespec.This function is currently not implemented.
setb block: Mark the block numberblockas allocated.
seti filespec: Mark inode filespecas in use in the inode bitmap.
show_super_stats: List the contents of the super block.
stat filespec: Display the contents of the inode structure of the inodefilespec.
testb block: Test if the block numberblockis marked as allocated in the block bitmap.
testi filespec: Test if the inode filespecis marked as allocated in the inode bitmap.
unlink pathname: Remove the link specified by pathname to an inode. Note this does not adjust the inode reference counts.
write source_file out_file: Create a file in the filesystem namedout_file,and copy the contents ofsource_fileinto the destination file.

SPECIFYING FILES

Manydebugfscommands take afilespecas an argument to specify an inode (as opposed to a pathname) in the filesystem which is currently opened by debugfs.Thefilespecargument may be specified in two forms. The first form is an inode number surrounded by angle brackets, e.g., <2>.The second form is a pathname; if the pathname is prefixed by a forward slash('/'), then it is interpreted relative to the root of the filesystem which is currently opened by debugfs.If not, the pathname is interpreted relative to the current working directory as maintained by debugfs.This may be modified by using the debugfscommandcd.

AUTHOR

debugfswas written by Theodore Ts'o <tytsoAATTmit.edu>.

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