MAN page from Fedora 17 sysvinit-tools-2.88-6.dsf.fc17.i686.rpm
LAST,LASTB
Section: Linux System Administrator's Manual (1)
Updated: Jul 31, 2004
Index NAME
last, lastb - show listing of last logged in users
SYNOPSIS
last[
-R][
-num][ -
n num ][
-adFiowx][ -
f file ][ -
t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS ][
name...][
tty...]
lastb[
-R][
-num][ -
n num ][ -
f file ][
-adFiowx][
name...][
tty...]
DESCRIPTION
Lastsearches back through the file
/var/log/wtmp (or the filedesignated by the
-f flag) and displays a list of allusers logged in (and out) since that file was created. Names of usersand tty's can be given, in which case
last will show only those entriesmatching the arguments. Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus
last0 is the same as
last tty0.
When last catches a SIGINT signal (generated by the interrupt key,usually control-C) or a SIGQUIT signal (generated by the quit key, usually control-\), last will show how far it has searched through the file; in the case of the SIGINT signal last will then terminate.
The pseudo user reboot logs in each time the system is rebooted.Thus last reboot will show a log of all reboots since the log filewas created.
Lastb is the same as last, except that by default it shows a logof the file /var/log/btmp, which contains all the bad login attempts.
OPTIONS
- -f file
- Tells last to use a specific file instead of /var/log/wtmp.
- -num
- This is a count telling last how many lines to show.
- -n num
- The same.
- -t YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
- Display the state of logins as of the specified time. This isuseful, e.g., to determine easily who was logged in at a particulartime -- specify that time with -t and look for "still loggedin".
- -f file
- Specifies a file to search other than /var/log/wtmp.
- -R
- Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
- -a
- Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combinationwith the next flag.
- -d
- For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remotehost but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP numberback into a hostname.
- -F
- Print full login and logout times and dates.
- -i
- This option is like -d in that it displays the IP number of the remotehost, but it displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation.
- -o
- Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).
- -w
- Display full user and domain names in the output.
- -x
- Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
NOTES
The files
wtmp and
btmp might not be found. The system onlylogs information in these files if they are present. This is a localconfiguration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can becreated with a simple
touch(1) command (for example,
touch /var/log/wtmp).
FILES
/var/log/wtmp
/var/log/btmp
AUTHOR
Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquelsAATTcistron.nl
SEE ALSO
shutdown(8),
login(1),
init(8)
Index
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- OPTIONS
- NOTES
- FILES
- AUTHOR
- SEE ALSO
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